aedrix-kernel/boot/start.S

/*
    Copyright (C) 2012, Aaron Lindsay <aaron@aclindsay.com>

    This file is part of Aedrix.

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 */

/*
 * Kernel entry in assembly. This handles relocating the kernel so that it is
 * in both physical and virtual memory where we want it to be. We copy the
 * kernel to a different physical location if necessary, turn on the MMU,
 * setting up a dual-mapping if the kernel is not in physical memory at the
 * same place it was linked against. Finally, we jump into the kernel's main()
 * function in C using the address it is linked against. When the MMU gets
 * initialized fully later, it will remove the initial 1:1 mapping.
 */
.globl start
start:
	str r1, machine_type /* Backup atags/machine type registers so we can access them later from C */
	str r2, atags_ptr

	bl copy_kernel
copy_kernel_lr: /* Used to calculate address at which kernel is currently loaded by copy_kernel */

	bl setup_mmu

	ldr sp, =stack+0x10000 /* Set up the stack */
	bl main

1:
	b 1b /* Halt */

copy_kernel:
/*
 * Because we're not necessarily loaded at an address that's aligned the same
 * as where we're linked, copy the kernel over to fix that up.
 *
 * clobbers:
 * 	r0-r10
 * returns:
 * 	r0 = new kernel base address
 */
	sub r0, lr, $(copy_kernel_lr - start) /* r0 <- current address of start */
	ldr r1, tt_section_align
	ands r2, r0, r1 /* If we're already aligned to 1mb, early out */
	bxeq lr

	mov r2, r0 /* r2 <- r0 <- current address of start */
	mov r3, #1
	lsl r3, r3, #20 /* r3 <- 1mb */
	add r0, r0, r3
	bic r0, r0, r1 /* r0 <- new address of start */
	sub r1, r0, r2 /* r1 <- offset between current and new start */

	/* TODO only copy kernel image sections that aren't zeroed (leave out .bss) */
	ldr r5, =start
	ldr r6, =kernel_end
	sub r6, r6, r5
	add r6, r6, r2 /* r6 <- old kernel_end */
	add r6, r6, #16
	bic r6, r6, #0xf /* r6 <- old kernel_end (aligned to 16 bytes) */
	add r5, r6, r1 /* r5 <- new kernel_end */

copy_kernel_loop:
	/* Copy the kernel to its new location, 16 bytes at a time. We do this
	 * from the end to the begininning so we don't overwrite the old kernel if the
	 * destination and source overlap. */
	sub r6, r6, #16
	sub r5, r5, #16
	ldm r6, {r7, r8, r9, r10}
	stm r5, {r7, r8, r9, r10}
	subs r4, r5, r0
	bne copy_kernel_loop

	add lr, lr, r1 /* Fixup link register for new kernel location */
	bx lr

setup_mmu:
/*
 * Calculate the address at which we will store our translation table.
 * Currently, we store it just past the end of the kernel. Getting the physical
 * address of the end of the kernel is tricky, since kernel_end is the address
 * the end of the kernel is linked at, so we have to do a little math.
 *
 * arguments:
 *	r0 = current kernel base address (physical), aligned to 1mb boundary
 * clobbers:
 *	r0-r10
 */
	/* Find future virtual address of the translation table */
	ldr r1, =kernel_end
	ldr r2, tt_base_align
	ands r3, r1, r2
	mov r3, r1
	addne r3, r1, r2
	bic r2, r3, r2 /* r2 <- future virtual address of translation table */
	str r2, tt_base_virtual

	/* Find physical address of the translation table */
	ldr r1, =start
	sub r1, r2, r1
	add r1, r0, r1 /* r1 <- physical address of translation table */
	str r1, tt_base_physical

	/* How many sections do we need to map to make sure we have the kernel
	 * and translation table covered? */
	ldr r3, tt_base_align
	add r3, r3, r1
	sub r3, r3, r0
	lsr r3, r3, #20
	add r3, r3, #1 /* r3 <- number of sections to map */

	ldr r4, =start /* r4 <- kernel virtual start address */
	lsr r5, r4, #18 /* 18 = 20 (1mb) - 2 (4 bytes per entry) */
	add r5, r5, r1 /* r5 <- address of translation page entry for first kernel section (final mapping) */

	mov r6, r0 /* r6 <- kernel physical start address */
	lsr r7, r6, #18 /* 18 = 20 (1mb) - 2 (4 bytes per entry) */
	add r7, r7, r1 /* r7 <- address of translation page entry for first kernel section (initial, 1:1 mapping) */

	mov r8, #1
	lsl r8, r8, #20 /* r8 <- 1mb */
	mov r9, #0xc
	lsl r9, r9, #8
	orr r9, r9, #2 /* r9 <- 0xc02, which means read/write at any priviledge level, and that it's a section w/o PXN bit set */

initial_tt_loop:
	/* Setup translation table entries for the translation table and kernel (domain 0) */
	ldr r10, tt_section_align
	bic r10, r6, r10
	orr r10, r10, r9 /* r9=0xc02, which means read/write at any priviledge level */
	str r10, [r7]
	str r10, [r5]

	add r6, r6, r8
	add r7, r7, #4
	add r5, r5, #4

	subs r3, r3, #1
	bne initial_tt_loop

	mcr p15, 0, r1, c2, c0, 0 /* TTBR0 <- physical address of translation table */

	/* Set access permissions for domain 0 to "Manager" */
	mov r1, #0x3
	mcr p15, 0, r1, c3, c0, 0 /* DACR */

	/* Enable the MMU */
	mrc p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0 /* SCTLR */
	orr r1, r1, #0x1
	mcr p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0 /* SCTLR */

	/* Update lr for new memory mapping */
	ldr r1, =start
	sub r0, r1, r0	
	add lr, lr, r0

	bx lr /* Finally, we jump into the new memory mapping, which matches where we were linked */

tt_base_align:
	.word 0b111111111111111 /* 16k - 1 */
tt_section_align:
	.word 0b11111111111111111111 /* 1mb - 1 */
.globl tt_base_virtual
tt_base_virtual:
	.word 0
.globl tt_base_physical
tt_base_physical:
	.word 0
.globl atags_ptr
atags_ptr:
	.word 0
.globl machine_type
machine_type:
	.word 0

.comm stack, 0x10000 /* Reserve 64k for the stack in .bss */